Atom bridge: inwards and outwards from the atom
The work proceeds from the atom step by step: inwards to the nucleus and quarks, outwards to molecules, crystals, living structures and celestial bodies. At every step the previous prediction is tested and the next one is written before calculation.
Why the atom
The atom is the first anchor of the model (rule 20) and carries all layers of the model on a small scale: nucleus Y₀, electron cloud G₁–G₇, inner centre of the nucleon C₀. Two of the three mappings that match measurement lie inside the atom (binding energy of the cloud, the 14 poles of the nucleus) and one in a structure built by atoms (the genetic code).
Inwards: below the atom
| Step | Counterpart in the model | Status | Next prediction | Measurement |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I1. Electron cloud layers | G₁–G₇; binding energy ∝ 1/k² | matches (rule 32) | shell capacities 2, 8, 18, 32; ionisation / first transition = 4/3; hydrogen-like ions | NIST |
| I2. Nucleus | Y₀, 14 poles = 8 + 6; intermediate value 3 | matches (rule 34) | colour-factor ratio C_A / C_F = 9/4; strength of the strong interaction | PDG |
| I3. Proton / electron | oldest pairs collected in the nucleus | anchor (rule 20) | neutron / proton mass ratio (1.001 378) | CODATA |
| I4. Inner centre of the nucleon | C₀ (2 pairs, 4 members) | next | valence structure of the nucleon (3 quarks: 2 + 1) | PDG |
| I5. Quarks and gluons | open / closed members of pairs | next | quark mass ratios | PDG |
Outwards: structures built by atoms
| Step | Counterpart in the model | Status | Next prediction | Measurement |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| O1. Periodic table | the 7 layers of the cloud | prediction (rule 21) | period lengths 2, 8, 8, 18, 18, 32, 32 | IUPAC |
| O2. Molecule, chemical bond | bond between layers (rule 32) | next | H₂ dissociation energy / hydrogen ionisation energy (4.478 / 13.598) | NIST |
| O3. Crystal | 7 layers, 14 poles | next | 7 crystal systems, 14 Bravais lattices | IUCr |
| O4. Genetic code | step 4 of the model | matches (rule 33) | codon groups and the 3 stop codons | NCBI |
| O5. Cell, neuron | living structures | next | candidate readings to be written | — |
| O6. Star, planet | inner-universe scale; densification by inner collapse | open | inward density increase of celestial bodies | — |
| O7. Galaxy | inner universe of a Y₀ pole | open | — | — |
| O8. Universe | expansion (rule 19), 13.8 billion years (rule 29) | under test | two-front expansion: supernovae + oldest stars | Pantheon+ |
Prediction and proof at every step
- Proof. Each step begins by computing the prediction written in the previous step and comparing it with an established measurement.
- Verdict. A result that matches exactly or within the error becomes an anchor and enters the list of rules. A reading that fails is eliminated; other readings of the step are written as candidates.
- Prediction. In the same step the prediction for the next step is written before calculation: which rule, which number, which measurement.
- Direction. Steps alternate inwards and outwards; an anchor gained in one direction is read again against the open steps of the other.
- No open ends. Every open point is answered, turned into a candidate, or tied to the prediction of a step.